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aGPCRs have large alternatively spliced extracellular regions (ECRs) that likely mediate intercellular signaling; however, the precise roles of ECRs remain unclear.
The mechanism by which ESMVs may mediate intercellular signaling could involve the activation of receptors on the recipient cell by ligands in the ESMV.
In the 3D model reported herein, hepatocytes and rLSECs were separated by a nanoscale PEM that could potentially mediate intercellular signaling and ultimately promote heterotypic interactions.
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Furthermore, exosomes carrying miRNA are believed to mediate intercellular signalling between tumour cells and bystander cells (Melo et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2011; Umezu et al. 2013; Sánchez et al. 2015).
We have previously developed a model framework for bystander effects on cell-cycle modification or cell death mediated by intercellular signaling through both the medium-mediated pathway and the gap junctional pathway [ 18].
Phospho-Erk1/2 proteins in this cell line were restricted to the cell membrane in areas of cell-to-cell contact at the periphery of large multicellular clusters (see Additional File 4, Figure S2), and were not seen in individualized cells or in cells forming smaller clusters, suggesting activation was probably mediated by intercellular signaling.
The integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors comprising alpha and beta subunits that mediate intercellular and extracellular signals involved in the organisation of cells in tissues and organs during development.
Cell surface proteins mediate intercellular recognition and signal transduction.
We note that partial deficiency of epsin function has a major impact on intercellular signaling mediated by Notch (Overstreet et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2009).
In Arabidopsis, intercellular signaling mediated by the atypical leucine-rich repeat transmembrane receptor-like (LRR-RLK) STRUBBELIG (SUB) is essential for a number of developmental processes [ 1- 6].
They mediate intercellular communication ranging from electrical signalling to the transfer of organelles.
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