It has been shown that in human airway epithelia, hyperinflammatory responses lead to a larger bradykinin-mediated [Ca2+]i increase, which is due to the expanded endoplasmic reticulum/Ca2+ store [55].
Major lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis are: (1) Downregulation/deficiency of CLEC12A is associated with hyperinflammatory responses.
We propose the hypothesis that decreased expression of CLEC12A is a common denominator in the hyperinflammatory responses observed in Behçet's syndrome and gout.
Disruption of Rv0431 led to enhanced fluorescence induction in 11 of the 12 IR macrophage cell clones and robust hyperinflammatory responses in mutant-infected primary macrophages.
These proteins may play an important role in controlling lymphocyte/macrophage/microglia hyperinflammatory responses, while sparing host defence and repair mechanisms.
HMGB-1, which may engage TLR-2 and TLR-4 [ 14], as well as RAGE, might activate signaling systems that stimulate hyperinflammatory responses.
A certain level of inflammation is essential to control fungal infections (Brown, 2010), but hyperinflammatory responses seem to cause more harm than good to the host.
Standard enteral formulas meet basic macro- and micronutrient needs; therapeutic enteral formulas meet these basic needs and also contain specific pharmaconutrients that may attenuate hyperinflammatory responses, enhance the immune responses to infection, or improve gastrointestinal tolerance.
Most of these observations were made in animal experiments, but the hypothermia-induced suppression of the hyperinflammatory responses and decrease in WBC count have been confirmed in clinical reports in humans with traumatic brain injury [ 10, 11, 17].
It is now clear that ROS have different effects depending on their levels, their source and when they are produced and, hence, under particular conditions, may promote hyperinflammatory responses, whereas in other cases they suppress autoimmunity.
