We developed a novel method by combining TALEN-induced GSV and single stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) mediated gene modifications to reduce unwanted mutations occurring during the targeted GSV using TALEN or Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN).
To reduce unwanted mutations in the targeted GSV outcomes, which are unexpected in both fundamental studies and therapeutic applications, we combined the TALEN-induced GSV and ssODN mediated gene modifications.
The second major challenge to the clinical application of gene editing is to enhance the efficiency of homology-directed recombination (HDR -mediated precise gene modification wHDR -mediatedng non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-induced indel preciseion.
Genetic modification of pigs by SCNT facilitated gene targeting [ 5- 7], inducible transgene expression [ 8], and the first successful examples of zinc finger nuclease mediated targeted gene modifications [ 9, 10] to generate tailored large animal models and donor animals for xenotransplantation.
Indeed, it has recently been reported that short RNAs (50 200 nt), transcribed from repressed loci by stalled RNA polymerase II, interact with the PRC2 complex through their stem loop secondary structure and mediate gene repression through epigenetic modification [ 41].
Repeat-associated siRNA is involved in silencing transposons and other repeat elements by methylation of DNA [ 19], resulting in epigenetic modifications that mediate gene silencing [ 20].
The common theme among these autoantigens is that their targets either mediate gene transcription or take a role in post-translational modification.
PRC2 is a critical regulator of histone modification, which catalyzes the trimethylation of H3K27 to mediate gene silencing.
Andreas Birkenfeld, M.D. Charite University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany http://paloaltoprize.com/team/team-indy/ TEAM NAME: INDY (approach: gene modification).
Another technology that came into the mainstream was CRISPR gene modification.
