The globular and full length forms of adiponectin exhibit different affinities for two adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) isoforms [10] and have been shown to mediate distinct effects [11], [12], [13], [14].
Interestingly, these acetylations can mediate distinct effects on nucleosomes (this work and Neumann et al., 2009; Tropberger et al., 2013).
Research efforts on opioid receptor signalling in the past decade suggest that differential signalling pathways and downstream molecules preferentially mediate distinct pharmacological effects.
Transgenic approaches have recently been employed to address whether the PR isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) mediate distinct physiological effects in the mammary gland [ 27, 28].
In this study, we sought to determine if insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 (IRS-1 and -2) mediate distinct biological effects in breast cancer cells.
Collectively, these studies show that the HD-binding preferences of an FCI-HD TF can mediate distinct biological effects in individual embryonic cells, establishing a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying HD-specific functions.
It is unclear how podocalyxin mediates these distinct effects in different cellular contexts.
Taken together, our results suggest that the differential effects of AD 198 and PEP005 on tumor B cells are mediated by their distinct effects on multiple signaling pathways, including PKCδ, PKCϵ, and PKCα translocation, and ERK, p38 and JNK phosphorylation.
Compared with its crystallized counterpart, LSMO in an amorphous state holds more lattice defects and thus could give rise to distinct effects in mediating the electronic structure and/or tune the atomic arrangement and coordination of the outer shell [27, 28], which play a dominative role in determining the dielectric behavior of the nanoparticles.
Thus distinct effects of TNF-α are mediated by different subtypes of TNFRs in stem cells, whereas the overall effect might be dependent on the expression level and ratio of these two receptors.
Their different localization patterns suggested that UNC-13L and UNC-13S may mediate different forms of release and, consequently, could have distinct effects on synaptic transmission.
