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Exosomes are small extracellular nanovesicles of endocytic origin that mediate different signals between cells, by surface interactions and by shuttling functional RNA from one cell to another.
Moreover, these three OSR genes are differentially regulated by various plant hormones, suggesting that they may mediate different signals to affect the cell proliferation and/or expansion process.
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These phenotypic observations gave a first indication that MAPK and AKT might mediate different signaling downstream to the NGF-TrkA axis.
Thus, one can speculate that C/EBP α mediates different signaling pathways involved in adipogenesis.
Finally, the critical processes for mediating different signal amplitudes and transducing them to distinct dynamic transients and steady states of the DARPP-32 system were investigated.
Based on our results, LOV1 is likely an additional upstream regulator that may mediate different a signalling pathway to CO (Figures 3 and 4).
ERK phosphorylation/activation by either D2L or D2S receptor stimulation has been widely reported, but it appears to be mediated through different signalling routes.
These results suggest that the relaxant effects of N. sativa seed extract on the contractions induced by PE and KCl in VSMCs are mediated by different signaling pathways.
It is well known that an absence of cell attachment to the extracellular matrix triggers a cell death mechanism termed anoikis, which is mediated by different signaling pathways.
At the same time, dfoxo-to- dfoxo signaling is required for the metabolic effects of localized dfoxo induction, showing that distinct physiological effects of tissue-restricted dfoxo activation are mediated by different signaling routes.
The signaling pathways were mediated by different signaling molecules, like abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, brassinosteroid, calcium ion, ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and small GTPase (Table 3).
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