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Heme itself is also able to mediate damage to cells via its hydrophobic quality and oxidative reactivity; yet, while the mechanism of Fur-mediated iron regulation is well understood, heme regulation in P. aeruginosa has not been studied in depth.
During a normal immune response, CD8+ T cells kill infected cells, while in MS they can mediate damage to CNS cells.
Thus after amplification hundreds of C3b molecules are generated which bind to nearby cells and mediate damage to healthy cells by opsonization to phagocytic cells [ 39].
However, some of the intracellular pathways that mediate damage to HCs were discovered by using ototoxic agents, such as aminoglycoside to induce HC death in vitro [ 1– 3] during the past several years.
In DM, protein glycation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glucose autoxidation may generate free radicals, which mediate damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins, DNA, and disrupt cellular integrity [ 8].
In contrast, at high concentrations, ROS can be mediate damage to cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins and nucleic acids; this damage is often referred as "oxidative stress" (Poli et al 2004).
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Stx is a member of the AB5 family of bacterial toxins [16], composed of an enzymatically active A-subunit that mediates damage to the host through the inhibition of protein synthesis [17], and a ring of identical B-subunits that surround the C-terminus of the A-subunit [18], [19].
However, it is still unclear whether STAT1 mediates damage to OHCs in cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
This results in damage to the vessel wall itself, to increased permeability and to IgG-mediated damage to the tissues.
During RA, FLSs undergo proliferation and contribute to the formation of the deleterious pannus, which mediates damage to articular cartilage and bone.
However, little attention has been given to the role played by reduced EELV and airway closure in mediating damage to peripheral airways during mechanical ventilation with 'physiological' tidal volumes in healthy lungs [ 3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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