Our study uncovers a novel mechanism mediating cellular differentiation by nucleoside drugs and suggests that cytarabine and decitabine might be useful for targeting cancer stem cells.
(48) Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in the remodeling of chromatin and play a key role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which ultimately mediates cellular differentiation and survival.
As a result, Id-bHLH transcription factor heterodimers cannot bind to DNA, leading to the disruption of the events mediating the cellular differentiation and proliferation of a variety of different cell types.
As a result, Id1-bHLH transcription factor heterodimers cannot bind to DNA, leading to the disruption of the events mediating the cellular differentiation.
Our results suggest that (at 6 h postinfection) the secretion of IL-1 β must be important to control the infection regardless of the mycobacterial species present in the media as this cytokine facilitates the recruitment of other innate immune cells to the site of infection and as it induces the production of IL-8 and mediates proliferation, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis [ 60, 61].
STAT3 is a pleiotropic factor activated by many different signals including cytokines, growth factors and oncogenes, and it mediates cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and immune function [12].
In cooperation with other genes known to be expressed in the developing sensory neurons and hair cells [3], [4], [5], [74], [75], Neurod1 may achieve neuronal differentiation not only through upregulation of appropriate downstream target genes [62] but also through suppression of other bHLH genes that mediate other states of cellular differentiation such as Neurog1 [69] or Atoh1 [26].
Post-translational modifications of histone proteins regulate chromatin compaction, mediate epigenetic regulation of transcription and control cellular differentiation in health and disease (Grewal and Moazed, 2003).
Although transcriptional repression by histone modification appears to contribute to the process of cellular differentiation, it is unclear what mediates the specificity of PcG proteins.
The Ras family GTPases mediate signals emanating from cell surface receptors and culminating in transcription, cellular differentiation, and proliferation.
