ZipA is a membrane anchored protein in Escherichia coli that interacts with FtsZ, a homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, forming a septal ring structure that mediates bacterial cell division.
Cumulatively, this study uncovered novel new layers of transcriptional regulation mediating the bacterial cell cycle.
Expression of the gene coding for CD14 antigen (CD14), a pivotal cell surface protein on macrophages, that interacts with toll-like receptors mediating detection of bacterial cell wall components, was also increased.
The observation of efficient bacterial adhesion to the host cell through IPTG-controlled expression of either PilC1 or PilC2 is coherent with data obtained with strains Nm604a and Nm910f that constitutively express PilC1 or PilC2, and demonstrates that, like PilC1, the meningococcal PilC2 can specifically mediate bacterial adhesion to ME180 cells.
Afa/Dr adhesins mediate bacterial attachment onto target cells by binding to the complement regulatory glycosylphophatidylinositol- GPI- anchored protein DAF [ 166].
The biological functions of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins are poorly understood, but in some species S-layer proteins mediate bacterial adherence to host cells or extracellular matrix proteins or have protective or enzymatic functions.
It has been hypothesized that extracellular proteases might digest IL-1β into smaller peptides, which could then be transported across the cell membrane and mediate their effects inside the bacterial cell [21].
The study by Samen et al. showed that Srr-1 could not mediate bacterial invasion into HEp-2 cells, but promoted adherence of the S. agalactiae human strain 6313 to HEp-2 cells [ 16].
These results suggest that hemagglutinins mediate contact between bacterial cells impairing X. fastidiosa movement in the plant xylem and thus reducing virulence [8].
Ybt may benefit intracellular pathogens by sequestering copper outside the bacterial cell or mediating metal ion import through the outer membrane ferric-yersiniabactin importer FyuA.
The expression of pneumolysin increased bacterial uptake by approximately 50% (0.76% T4R compared to 0.35% T4RΔ ply) (Fig 1B) indicating that pneumolysin, directly or indirectly, can induce cell signalling to mediate bacterial uptake.
