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In September 1972, the median sample sizes were 33 and 37, and in September 2007, they were 3116 and 3104.
The median sample sizes varied from 23 to 98 in the period 1986 to 2013 and was less than 50 for 16 of these 28 years of publication.
For example, median sample sizes of trials in low back pain, headache and osteoarthirits were 50 [ 16], 37 [ 21] and 31 [ 29], respectively.
Publicly funded pilot trials appear to be larger than industry funded pilot trials: median sample sizes of 33 (range = 15 to 114 participants) and 25 (range = 8 to 100 participants) respectively.
Considering the median sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials our data shows that on average feasibility studies are larger than pilot trials: although there is wide variability in the sample sizes across all types of trial.
Median sample sizes among studies were of 100 cases (interquartile range [IQR]: 85 to 212) and 200 controls (IQR: 88 to 519), whereas the median sample size for cohort studies was 183 patients (IQR: 100 to 273).
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In this event, we use the median sample size to create one single sample size for each study.
Median sample size was modest (27 subjects), with only 38% of studies reflecting planned research and 22% including an internal control or comparison group.
The results indicate that (1) mail questionnaire surveys dominate empirical research, (2) 60.9% of the studies use a one-country sample (88.9% from western countries), (3) 33.7% of the studies are based upon sample frames provided by third parties, and (4) the median sample size is 180 with an average response rate of 40.1%.
Amazingly, if the margin of the declared winner is wide enough, as a survey of 255 state presidential elections between 1992 and 2008 found, the declared winner could be verified or disproven with a median sample size of just 307 hand-counted ballots across an entire state.
The median sample size of the included studies was 110.5 (interquartile range 75.8 to 184).
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