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The status of malnutrition according to degrees of malnutrition is shown in Table 5. Cut off point of –2SD of the median for height-for-age z score, weight-for-age z score and BMI-for-age BMI-for-age BMI-for-agefor determination of malnutrition.
Being 'at risk of overweight' was defined as a value >1 SD and ≤2 SDs above the median weight-for-height Z-score.
Childhood obesity in this survey was defined as weight > median weight for height × 120%.
Wasting - Moderate and severe - below minus two standard deviations from median weight for height of reference population.
Severe acute malnutrition, SAM (-3 standard deviations or less from the median weight for height) affects 0.9%3.2%% of children.
It is important to note, however, that the means by which the HBW was calculated in these studies varied, although authors typically did so using the median weight for height and/or age as the reference point for calculation.
The present study also used the 1993 HK reference (i.e., childhood obesity is defined as having a body weight of over 120 % of the median weight for height in the 1993 growth curve) to define childhood obesity [ 14].
For the past 20 years in Hong Kong, childhood obesity has been defined as a body weight of over 120 % of the median weight for height according to the local reference (1993 HK reference) [ 14], where reference values for height are available only for up to 175 cm in boys and 165 cm in girls.
Most of our cohort had mild to moderate undernutrition, with the median weight for height or length z-score (WHZ-score) -1.5 [IQR (-2.4, -0.65)], which may explain why fasting was associated with early hypoglycaemia (within the four hours period of the event) and at variance with the studies in Surinamese children, whose median WHZ-score was 0.6 [ 32].
Excluded from the study were cases with other severe illness, documented tuberculosis or congenital heart disease, dysentery, severe anemia (hemoglobin < 7mg/L), severe malnutrition [< 70% median weight for height or length (National Center for Health Statistics 1976)], cough for > 14 days, or having received antibiotics within the preceding 48 hr.
It is expressed as percentage of children under-five, by district, whose height-for-age falls below minus 3 standard deviations from the median height-for-age of a standard reference population used in the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006.
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