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To compute the protective composite at Time 1 and Time 2, for each factor we assigned the participants a score of 0 (below the median) or 1 (equal to or above the median) for control beliefs (Median Time 1 = 5.75; Time 2 = 5.75), quality of social support (Median Time 1 = 3.21; Time 2 = 3.29), and physical exercise (Median Time 1 = 4.50; Time 2 = 4).
However, total numbers of TFH cells were comparable, indicating that OX40 ligation had specifically expanded effector 2W1S-specific cells (Fig. 2E; p = 0.222; median for control: 8712, anti-OX40: 6673).
Ligation of OX40 had the same effect as in the Lm-2W infection, with the dramatic expansion of the 2W1S-specific CD4+ T cells (Fig. 6B and D; p = 0.003; median for control: 17 721, anti-OX40: 210 626).
Furthermore, anti-OX40, but not anti-OX40L, Abs dramatically reduced the percentage of the 2W1S-specific cells with a TFH-cell phenotype (Fig. 3C E; p = 0.0006; median for control: 6.6%, anti-OX40: 0.24%).
In contrast, provision of the blocking anti-OX40L Abs at 1 and 3 dpi approximately halved the number of CD44hi2W1S I-Ab+CD4+ T cells at 7 dpi (Fig. 3B; p = 0.0041; median for control: 75 684, anti-OX40L: 34 167).
Injection of factors II, VII, IX and X elevated the median number of surface pulmonary seedlings per animal to 182, and injection of factors II, IX and X to 181, compared with a median for control animals of 12 (P less than 0.001).
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Compared to controls, mothers of testicular cancer cases were more likely to drink alcohol (unadjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 15.48 for above vs. below the median for controls) and less likely to drink coffee (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 1.02 for above vs. below the median).
Ligation of OX40 resulted in the vast majority of 2W-specific CD4+ T cells expressing T-bet at 7 dpi (Fig. 3G and H; control vs. anti-OX40: p = 0.0067; median for controls: 81%, anti-OX40: 99%; control vs. anti-OX40L: p = 0.0167; median for anti-OX40L: 56.9%).
The levels of KC and IL-10 were detectable above threshold in all mice, with no significant difference between control and quinine (medians for control and quinine, respectively, KC: 86 pg/ml and 74 pg/ml; IL-10: 19 pg/ml and 13 pg/ml).
Thus, we explored effect modification by factors capable of affecting the body's response to insulin production such as BMI (normal weight: <25 kg/m vs. overweight or obese: ≥25 kg/m), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; ≤0.85 vs. >0.85), or physical activity (< median vs. ≥median for controls).
Results were also expressed as multiples of the plate-specific median (MoM) for control pregnancies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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