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Exact(6)
No otitis media or sinusitis was noted upon admission.
The study physician collected a nasopharyngeal swab during the visit for each URI episode and when acute otitis media or sinusitis was diagnosed.
In the host, pneumococci can spread locally from the nasopharynx to cause otitis media or sinusitis, or to the lungs to cause pneumonia.
There was no significant effect on otitis media or sinusitis in both adults and children, with only a small effect noted for bronchitis in adults (1.80%, 0.65% to 2.80%), but not in children.
There is no plausible evidence that zanamivir has an effect on pneumonia, even when a chest x ray supported the diagnosis, nor did it affect otitis media or sinusitis in adults, and there was no effect on clinically important outcomes in children such as otitis media.
33 However, treating experimental otitis media or sinusitis with vitamin A in animals has been shown to reduce mucosal disruption, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity (for example, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), and lower free radical production (for example, lower concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide).
Similar(54)
current practice or one of the three CRP arms; antibiotic prescription; if prescribed antibiotics, the risk of antibiotic-related adverse events including death; complications such as otitis media, quinsy, or sinusitis; prescription of antibiotics within 28 days of index consultation; complications and adverse events from antibiotic prescriptions within 28 days of index consultation.
Although the diagnosis of quinsy and cellulitis is relatively straightforward, the clinical diagnosis of otitis media (www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/66) or sinusitis (www.cks.nhs.uk/sinusitis) is likely to be more variable, which will have reduced the power to find associations.
Although the pneumococcal carriage is often harmless, it may lead to a local disease, e.g. to acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis or to an invasive disease like pneumonia, meningitis or sepsis [ 3].
Contiguous infection was defined as infection secondary to otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis or dental infections.
Inclusion criteria were based on the rate of episodes of acute suppurative otitis media, acute sinusitis or sinobronchitis, on the otoscopic findings, audiologic examinations (pure tone threshold audiometry and tympanometry), and finally on patients' history.
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