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In order to effectively demonstrate the induction of CD4 internalization and degradation, we detected the expression of CD4 in Mφ before and after treatment with conditioned media from activated T cells by flow cytometry.
Data from our laboratory showed that upon treatment with conditioned media from activated T cells, CD4 expression in Mφ is down-regulated due to induced internalization and degradation (Saraiva Raposo et al., manuscript under revision).
When Mφ are treated with conditioned media from activated T cells in the presence of MG132 and bafilomycin A1, CD4 can still be internalized, but it is not degraded (Saraiva Raposo et al. manuscript under revision).
A summary list of interacting proteins is shown in table 1. Internalization and degradation of CD4 in Mφ was induced by conditioned media from activated T cells (condition 2) and interacting proteins were identified by CD4 co-immunoprecipitation followed by LC-MS/MS.
A complete list of the uniquely identified proteins is shown in table 2. In condition 3, internalization of CD4 in Mφ was induced by the same conditioned media from activated T cells, as described for condition 2, and cellular degradation was blocked using the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1.
The chemotactic capacity of conditioned media from activated HSCs was determined by the Boyden chamber technique with neutrophils as target cells.
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To reflect the recruitment to the liver in vivo, conditioned media were collected from activated primary myofibroblasts.
In contrast, supplementation with conditioned media from IFNγ+LPS activated macrophages suppressed differentiation levels, with GFP+ cells reaching 5% (p<0.001 vs. unstimulated and alternatively activated groups).
Conditioned media from LPS activated human adult microglia cultures (a kind gift from V. W. Yong, University of Calgary), was used in place of EBS during the growth cone asymmetry assay.
This technique relies upon the fact that the recombinant overexpressed TRPML1 channel is partially localized to the plasma membrane, allowing for an easy demonstration of the Ca2+ influx activity of the channel from the media when activated using an appropriate agonist [ 38, 51].
To assess the viability of the guidance effect in an injury paradigm, we performed the assay in the presence of conditioned media from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated purified microglial cultures, as well as directly activating the glia present in our co-cultures.
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