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HGT occurs through three cellular mechanisms: transformation, conjugation, and transduction (Thomas and Nielsen 2005).
Another important factor of genome evolution is horizontal gene transfer that occurs through three different mechanisms: transformation, conjugation and transduction [ 40].
We have to accept that genes really are on the move across prokaryote genomes over time and we know the mechanisms (transformation, transduction, conjugation, gene transfer agents).
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The block copolymer, synthesized by a mechanism transformation copolymerization, is used in solution blending of PPO/EAA.
The formation of a complex flow pattern was accompanied by a mass transfer mechanism transformation, i.e., from molecular diffusion to a combination of diffusion and convection.
This discovery opened up a vast new area of research at the molecular level into the underlying mechanisms of transformation, perceived as common to all cancer induction.
Figure 4 Handpiece mechanisms: (a) Transformation mechanism (b) Grasping operation mechanism (c) Change of disk engaged with handle.
However, additional molecular mechanisms of transformation remain to be further investigated (Fig. 1).
Thus, the general tendencies within the system need to be correlated with the formulated mechanisms of transformation.
These mechanisms include transformation, transduction [ 13], conjugation [ 13], gene transfer agents [ 14] and integrons [ 15- 17].
At least two mechanisms of transformation by JSRV Env have been identified in cultured cells.
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