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Because the study of mechanisms of pollination began in Europe, where pollinating birds are rare, their importance is often underestimated.
(For a complete treatment of the processes and mechanisms of pollination in plants, see pollination).
Palms were long assumed to be wind-pollinated, but recent studies are showing that, while some (the thatch palm, Thrinax) are indeed anemophilous, wind is only one of a diversity of mechanisms of pollination.
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The mechanism of pollination in milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae-Apocynaceae) is mechanically complex and requires the accurate re-insertion of pollinia (aggregated compact pollen masses) that are removed as pairs and deposited individually into a snugly fitting stigmatic groove (Wyatt and Broyles 1994; Ollerton et al. 2003; Fig. 1C).
The detailed mechanisms of insect pollination had been unravelled three decades earlier by two German botanists, yet their revelations were barely noticed in non-scientific circles.
Moreover, the absence of a rostellum is by far the most common mechanism of auto-pollination in this family, and is found in approximately half the self-pollinating orchid species studied so far (Catling, 1990; Tałałaj & Brzosko, 2008; Peter & Johnson, 2009; Zhou et al., 2012; Suetsugu, 2013).
Additionally, they present a large diversity of vegetative and floral morphology, exhibiting a great variety of pollination mechanisms, allowing the colonization of different types of environments (Hoehne 1949).
Because there is no precise mechanism governing the pathway of pollinators, the process of pollination tends to be haphazard, at least in most of the larger flowers of the open (as opposed to the tubular) types.
Therefore, a better understanding of the evolution of floral scent is needed to achieve a more conclusive view on the mechanisms and patterns of evolution of pollination systems.
The pollination mechanisms of Tricyrtis have been reported (Takahashi 1987 b, 1994; Maki et al. 1999).
Many sphingiphilous plants, including other Nicotiana species, therefore have backup mechanisms to insure or at least increase the likelihood of pollination.
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