Several mechanisms have been suggested to drive the expansion of a gene family, including segmental duplication, tandem duplication and retroposition (Cannon et al. [2004]; Kong et al. [2007]).
SD- array is associated with a surrounding segmental duplication (not including segmental duplications due merely to repeat unit homology within array).
Extra haplotypes can occur through several processes including segmental duplication of the chromosomal region carrying the gene, aneuploidy and polyploidy.
Three patients underwent a major resection, and the others underwent a minor resection, including segmental resection and local resection.
During the last 135 to 250 million years of evolution, the protein-coding gene families have been then shaped by various gene duplication mechanisms, including WGDs (or polyploidization), segmental duplications, and tandem duplications.
The first geared clock was invented in the 11th century by the Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Islamic Iberia; it was a water clock that employed a complex gear train mechanism, including both segmental and epicyclic gearing, capable of transmitting high torque.
The duplication mechanism including transposition, segmental duplication, replicative transposition, or even WGD underlying gene family expansion are similar between eukaryotes.
Duplicated genes can be produced by various molecular mechanisms, including whole-genome (WG) duplication, segmental duplication, tandem duplication, and transposition (reviewed in Freeling 2009).
Duplicated genes are formed by several molecular mechanisms, including whole genome (WG) duplication, segmental duplication of various sized regions of chromosomes, tandem duplication, and dispersed duplications generated by RNA or DNA-based mechanisms.
The current understanding of gene evolution via duplication suggests that duplicated genes could arise through different mechanisms including unequal crossing over (resulting in tandem duplication), retrotransposition, segmental duplication and chromosomal (or whole genome) duplication [ 42, 45].
