The halophytes can effectively improve the saline soil as they are well adjusted in salt environment because of their diversified adaptation mechanisms including ion compartmentalization, osmotic adjustment, succulence, ion transport and uptake, antioxidant systems, maintenance of redox status, and salt inclusion or excretion [ 17].
Based on numerous studies, several adaptative mechanisms were recognized in relation to salt tolerance, which include ion compartmentalisation, osmolyte production, germination responses, osmotic adaptation, succulence, selective transport and uptake of ions, enzyme responses, salt excretion, and genetic control [ 35].
These include ion channels – proteins that, under certain conditions, open to form pores – and ion transporters.
The known mechanisms include sequestration of ions in vacuole and exclusion of ions from root and leaves (Munns and Tester 2008).
Putative mechanisms include failure of membrane ion channels, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress of glucose reperfusion.
The three main mechanisms include tissue tolerance, osmotic tolerance, and ion exclusion.
These mechanisms include complexation, coordination, physiochemical mechanisms, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange combinations, micro-precipitation, adsorption and chelation (Vijayaraghavan and Yun 2008; Wang and Chen 2006).
L-cell sensory mechanisms include G protein coupled receptors, nutrient transporters, and ion channels (3).
The molecular mechanism of its function, including ion selectivity and gating, has not been fully characterized.
Biosorption mechanisms include physical sorption by virtue of Van der Waals forces or by ion exchange electrostatic interactions, chemical sorption by chelation or complexation, and microprecipitation.
