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While the molecular mechanisms generating alternative splicing begin to be well understood, the evolutionary mechanisms allowing new splicing variants to spread and be maintained in populations have received less attention.
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Gene annotations with examples from each of the mechanisms for generating alternative isoforms were placed in this category.
In contrast to alternative transcriptional initiation, no convincing examples of transcription factor genes with variation in transcript end as the sole mechanism for generating alternative transcripts were found.
This indicates that these fusion transcripts are not the result of chromosomal breakpoints that occur within exons, but rather use classical gene transcription mechanisms to generate alternative exon boundaries.
However, it appears that autophagy may instead promote the pathogenesis of established malignancies by providing cancer cells with a mechanism to generate alternative sources of metabolic fuel via protein recycling, which facilitates their survival in nutrient/oxygen-deficient conditions.
They also create opportunities for private sector currencies to generate alternative payment mechanisms.
Thus, several mechanisms generating chromosomal rearrangements have been devised mostly based on variations of the basic homologous recombination and alternative transposition processes [ 4, 15].
The contribution of this paper is to suggest an alternative mechanism generating multiple equilibria, one which has somewhat different policy implications.
The rate of tandem duplications at unrepeated sites was higher than expected from random insertions, providing evidence for genome-wide action of indel slippage (an alternative mechanism generating tandem repeats).
Conversely, alternative activation via IL-4/IL-13 and STAT6-mediated mechanisms generates the M2 phenotype (Daley et al. 2010; Moreno et al. 2003; Stolfi et al. 2011).
This indicates that the transcript template of the latter product starts with exon 1B, and, hence, that alternative TSS rather than alternative splicing is the mechanism generating the transcript.
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