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B lymphocytes use two DNA alteration mechanisms, class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), to re-engineer their antibody gene expressing loci until a tailored antibody gene for a specific antigen is satisfactorily generated.
This diversification takes places through somatic remodelling of the antibody genes by two molecular mechanisms, Class Switch Recombination (CSR) and Somatic Hypermutation (SHM).
SNPs were also slightly over-represented in genes belonging to several other classes such as class M (Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis), class R (General function), class V (Defense mechanisms), class J (Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis), class K (Transcription), class T (Signal transduction mechanisms), and class N (Cell motility).
TEs are divided into two classes based on transposition mechanisms: Class I or RNA elements transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate; Class II or DNA elements transpose via a DNA intermediate and most do so using a so-called "cut and paste" mechanism (Craig et al. 2002).
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In the "Metabolism" and "Cellular Transport and Transport Mechanisms" classes, cold stress related genes were also overrepresented (approx. 25%).
The system approach allows an ascending design of the functional mathematical model of the mechanism class.
Thus we have identified four potential source mechanisms that might generate the broadband acoustic signals measured in this study, each of which being of a different mechanism class, and or having a different locus.
Added to this discussion were the consideration of a pharmacologic mechanism class rather than the simplistic concept of a drug class.
Transposable elements (TEs) are segments of DNA that can move within the genome, via RNA intermediates (class I elements) or by a cut-and-paste mechanism (class II elements) (Wicker et al. 2007).
In our procedure, first each chemical was assigned to an activity mechanism class and then, with semiquantitative considerations, was assigned a probability carcinogenicity score, taking into account simultaneously the hypothesized action mechanism and physical chemical parameters.
Here we consider the roles of three primary mechanism classes: changes that directly alter protein function (missense SNPs), changes that alter transcript abundance as a consequence of variants close-by in sequence, and changes that affect splicing.
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