Besides relying on mechanical weeding, they use chemical herbicides.
The rows were set wide, and the soil had not been hand-weeded, sprayed or "cultivated," which is the name for mechanical weeding.
These "hammers" include crop and herbicide rotation, mechanical weeding, cover crops, intercropping, and mulching [91, 92].
As glyphosate and glufosinate are effective on more weed species than other currently used herbicides or mechanical weeding and than is necessary for crop protection and productivity, they will increase the level of weed suppression.
For the organic plots, the team used only manure and mechanical weeding, along with plant extracts to control pests.
And later, during mechanical weeding and during earthing up of potatoes, only between-row soil was searched.
As for the field trials, EPNs were also compared to insecticide tuber coatings and to the locally practised handpicking of grubs during soil preparations and mechanical weed control.
How other factors, e.g. tillage or mechanical weed control, affect the amphibians, and the extent to which these factors contribute to the decline of the amphibians compared to the impact of PPPs was also discussed.
Mechanical weed control was carried out annually and neither fertiliser nor irrigation was applied after establishment.
The two sub-modules handle, respectively, the effects of fungal diseases and weeds and of mechanical weed control.
