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The decision regarding when to liberate patients from mechanical ventilation faces intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians regularly.
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Mechanical ventilation via face mask was administered in 7 infants for a median of 53 seconds.
Noninvasive modes of mechanical ventilation with nasal, face, or helmet devices have successfully been used to stabilize patients with acute respiratory failure in the ED [ 3, 4].
NIV applied during the 3-min pre-oxygenation phase was performed with an ICU ventilator (most often those which served to provide invasive mechanical ventilation) and a standard face mask.
To report our experience with positive pressure ventilation (PPV), pressure support ventilation or assisted-controlled pressure mechanical ventilation mode, delivered by face mask (nine patients) or tracheostomy (one patient) in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF).
The first prospective randomized study dedicated to this topic was reported by Wysocki et al [ 18], who randomized 41 non COPD patients with ARF to receive face-mask mechanical ventilation versus conventional medical therapy.
Antonelli and colleagues [ 14] conducted a study in 64 consecutive patients with hypoxemic ARF who met well defined criteria for mechanical ventilation, in which they compared NIV via a face mask versus ETI with conventional mechanical ventilation.
Affected patients face a prolonged hospital stay and mechanical ventilation, increased hospital mortality and chronic physical disability [ 5, 6].
However, it only briefly mentions acute respiratory failure and then mentions primarily face mask non-invasive ventilation and not mechanical ventilation.
The ROC curve area of ΔPP was 0.64 ± 0.26 in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, and 0.29 ± 0.17 in patients breathing through a face mask (p = 0.25).
We randomized 64 patients with hypoxaemic ARF who had not improved with aggressive medical therapy to face-mask NPPV or endotracheal intubation with conventional mechanical ventilation [ 5].
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