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Sensory mechanical thresholds and the participants' self-reported outcome measures of pain and quality of life were evaluated.
Functionally, in inflammation, TRPA1-positive afferents showed significantly reduced mechanical thresholds and enhanced activity to agonist stimulation.
In the present study, we induced arthritis in animals by the use of CFA and the inflammatory process was confirmed through the measurement of increased paw thickness, mechanical thresholds and MPO activity (neutrophil marker), which characterizes an arthritic process.
These in vitro findings are supported by our in vivo data demonstrating an acute CGRP-evoked reduction of joint nociceptor mechanical thresholds and a reversal by CGRP 8 37 of the MIA-induced reduction in thresholds.
Application of morphine 30 minutes prior to bradykinin/PGE2 injection completely abolished the hypernociceptive effect as assessed using mechanical thresholds and weight bearing, thereby confirming that the measures obtained indeed indicate pain.
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Mechanical threshold and spontaneous pain-related behaviors were compared for frequency, intensity, and pulse duration with a Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance.
Both IL-1 and PgE2 are known to be involved in skin inflammation and itching by decreasing the mechanical threshold and the thermal responsiveness of the sensory nerve endings, which could facilitate CNI (Binshtok et al., 2008).
Of note, there was not a significant correlation between baseline mechanical threshold and the degree of OIH observed after chronic morphine treatment (P > 0.05).
Potential differences between reports that find no change in mechanical threshold and our work are not immediately obvious but could include the site of inflammation, superficial/cutaneous or deeper tissues, and in vitro vs. in vivo preparations.
Decreased mechanical threshold and heightened afferent discharge rate have also been noted in adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis [ 23, 24] as well as in an animal model of osteoarthritis [ 25].
However, in relation to the control values there was significant hypoesthesia for mechanical thresholds (MDT) and hyperalgesia for deep mechanical nociception (PPT) in the two groups, whether exposed to falanga or not.
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