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A recent discovery mainly uses the temporal portion of the stimulus signal, such as the number of strain cycles, loading frequency, and strain gradient, to explain the mechanism of bone response to mechanical stimuli at the cellular level.
However, control of the mechanical stimuli at the bone implant interface still remains a challenge.
However, these cells adhere poorly to some scaffolds depending upon the scaffold material and are often damaged by proteases or mechanical stimuli at site of transplantation.
Mechanical stimuli at the bone-implant interface are considered to activate the mechanotransduction pathway of the cell to improve the initial osseointegration establishment and to guarantee clinical success of the implant.
This study provides a computational approach to determine the mechanical stimuli at the cellular level when cells are cultured in a bioreactor and to relate mechanical stimuli with cell differentiation.
This was established by fitting a power model (y = a+b·xc) to data obtained after administration of 10 mechanical stimuli at 10 different strengths (each von Frey hair applied once at a random succession or blunt pressure at 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 23 and 25 N/cm2, also applied at random order) immediately before the actual rating task.
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A possible model is that mechanical stimulus at the surface of the cell stretches such channels initiating a calcium flux [ 4, 16, 27, 28].
The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) test was performed to examine the paw response to mechanical stimuli as previously described [11].
In this study the interactions between scaffold pore morphology, mechanical stimuli developed at the cell microscopic level, and culture conditions applied at the macroscopic scale are studied on two regular scaffold structures.
This chapter reviews the properties of normal and healing ligaments and tendons and discusses the current functional tissue engineering (FTE) methods, which include the use of growth factors, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, and the use of scaffolding as well as external mechanical stimuli, aimed at enhancing tendon and ligament healing.
That is, at high Ca2+ concentrations, the ectodomain structure is fairly rigid and stable, assuring the transmission of mechanical stimuli, while, at low Ca2+ concentrations, it turns into a compliant structure, which attenuates effective mechanical transmission.
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