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Thus, an even greater enhancement of invasion occurs in the response to applied mechanical stimulation when the cells began in a three-dimensional environment.
In the PDMS culture-recording setup, although D5 groups had the highest response rate for mechanical stimulation when compared with the other groups, the culture condition also show a high density of neurites and glia cells (Fig. 2).
Intraplantar injection of PGE2 resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) hyperalgesia to mechanical stimulation when assessed by von Frey hair.
Indeed, we have found that in the presence of NO, endothelial cells adjoining smooth muscle cells exhibited a significantly reduced decay of the calcium elevation after mechanical stimulation when calcium signal propagation towards the smooth muscle cells was blocked.
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For comparison, Kupcsik et al. (Kupcsik et al. 2010) reported that sox9 gene transfer in isolated human bone marrow-derived MSCs enhanced the production of matrix components under mechanical stimulation but not when modified cells were maintained in static culture conditions.
Any resting current flowing through open MET channels in the absence of mechanical stimulation was reduced when bundles were moved in the inhibitory direction (i.e. away from the taller stereocilia) in all control and mutant OHCs (Fig. 10A C, arrows).
Changes in cell membrane potential following mechanical stimulation were seen when CD47-null cells were transfected with CD47/IAP expression vectors but were not seen following mechanical stimulation of cells transfected with vectors for the extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain of CD47/IAP in the absence of the transmembrane and intracellular domains.
Any resting current flowing through open MET channels in the absence of mechanical stimulation was reduced when bundles were moved towards the shorter stereocilia (i.e. in the inhibitory direction) in all het and Pls1 KO OHCs (Fig. 8A and B, arrows).
Specifically, in the mechanism posited for the combination of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles and radiation treatments, mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells when combined with radiation causes vascular disruption in excess of that capable of being induced by a single modality treatment.
Approximately 7% of cells treated with control siRNA invaded without mechanical stimulation, while 22% invaded when given mechanical stimulation, reflective of the enhanced invasion typically observed in untreated cells (Figure 5B).
The data presented here show that multiple aspects of knee joint patterning and morphogenesis are affected when mechanical stimulation is altered (cell proliferation, cell differentiation and tissue boundaries with consequential alterations to the shape of rudiment epiphyses and the structure of the joint and associated tissues).
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