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Multi-unit efferent discharges were increased by mechanical stimulation using a von Frey filament applied to the plantar surface of the hindpaw.
We then examined whether the activation of each TRP channel in the masseter muscle evokes acute nocifensive responses and leads to the development of masseter hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation using the behavioral models that have been specifically designed and validated for the craniofacial system.
After 48 hours, the cells were subjected to mechanical stimulation using a sinusoidal waveform at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and a strain of 10%.
As previously described [ 3, 4], secondary hyperalgesia at the paw was evaluated by testing paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation using a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).
The duration of withdrawal frequencies in the three experimental groups (n = 10 each) in response to mechanical stimulation using a 3.4 g von Frey filament are shown in Figure 1a, and in response to thermal stimulation in Figure 1b.
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Thus, neither sleep deprivation, nor the mechanical stimulation used to deprive, result in injury to the fly or long-lasting impairment.
Thus, the localized forces exerted by invading fungi and oomycetes are substantial and, like the mechanical stimulation used in the study, may be detected by the plant cell and used to trigger basal defence.
In Piezo1 expressing cells, a sequence of mechanical stimulations using a piezo-electric driven probe caused reversible calcium responses that increased with increasing probe displacement until ultimately an irreversible Ca2+ signal ensued as a consequence of membrane rupture.
The response (Figure 2A) displays a monophasic response, similar to the mechanical innocuous stimulation using a brush.
In this study, we have examined the ability of individual osteoblasts to respond to mechanical stimulation applied using AFM.
The patients were submitted to a treatment regimen of 1.5 hours per day adapted for the treatment of cellulite, consisting of manual and mechanical lymph drainage and cervical stimulation using the Godoy and Godoy technique.
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