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Incomplete disengaging is due to the trailing disc sticking to the leading one, e.g. because of mechanical soiling of the friction surfaces or worn out springs.
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Vane shear resistance was measured as a proxy for mechanical soil strength.
The predominant but not exclusive reason for such movement might be a mechanical soil treatment during sowing and harvest rather than translocation by leaching.
Mechanical soil issues preventing the application of bound and recycled materials will then only play a minor role.
The most important factors include the type, shape and roughness of the cone, the physical and mechanical soil properties and the testing methods used to determine soil shear strength [6].
Field visits to abandoned sites showed many signs of degradation, such as an increase in the percentage of gravels and large stones at the surface following mechanical soil working using heavy machinery.
Mechanical working of the shallow soils, using tractors and wide-level discs, has led to mechanical soil damage, and in many cultivated areas, gravels appeared on the top soil due to fluctuation of rain; after a few seasons of cultivation, the land is abandoned.
Another factor which can interfere with prediction equations is the effect of mechanical soil conservation systems overtopping, for example ridge and furrow systems, or failing from inadequate design or construction, as illustrated in Plate 43.
To define the effect of SOC without interference of soil mechanical degradation, soils with good structural quality scores were considered first in studying the relationship between SOC and soil pore volumes.
The results also show that the combination of soil mechanical properties (soil angle of internal friction and cohesion) and topographic conditions (slope inclination) are the major parameters to define how much root reinforcement is needed to stabilise a specific slope, and thus the spacing of the trees to achieve this.
Rates of both chemical erosion (soil profile formation by weathering), and mechanical erosion (soil profile and landscape denudation) have been evaluated.
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