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Inter-instrument reliability was examined under standardized conditions in a mechanical setup in the laboratory before and during the data collection period in the Danish part of European Youth Heart Study II [ 30].
Theoretically, ideal calibration factors applied to instruments with zero intra-instrument variation would cause inter-instrumental variability to disappear when examined under standardized conditions in the mechanical setup in the laboratory.
Unit-specific calibration factors were applied to a) data derived in the mechanical setup in the laboratory as all units were checked in setting #2 each time they were returned from the field during the field data collecting period in order to ensure that the instruments maintained properly function, and to b) data collected during free-living conditions in the field.
One-way analysis of variance estimating the standard deviation (SD) between and within instruments was used to describe the potential for increasing inter-instrument reliability through unit-specific calibration, and to demonstrate the effect of calibration on random output variation caused by inter-instrument variability in the mechanical setup in the laboratory.
To test whether the different acceleration response observed between the batches of MTI- and CSA instruments in the present study was due to the past use of CSA instruments, the mean acceleration response was compared post hoc in the mechanical setup in 2006 immediately after all CSA units were calibrated according to the spinning procedure recommended by the manufacturer [ 29].
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The objective was to study the influence exerted by the different hydraulic and mechanical setups in order to assess the effective benefits that could be obtained from the replacement of the solenoid driving system with the piezoelectric one.
Some baseline drift due to the lack of rigidity in the mechanical setup may in part explain the lower reliability of twitch contractions.
Compared with validation studies in children [ 32], the outputs produced in the mechanical setup ranged in locomotion field speed from approximately 4.0 to 8.0 km*h-1 (e.g. the range from walking to running).
These dissimilarities between types of movement, as well as biomechanical differences between subjects, even when involved in the same type of activity, might affect the comparability between inter-instrument variability characterized in the mechanical setup and in field when assessing the complex and heterogeneous behaviour of human locomotion in children and young people.
Furthermore, the effect of calibration was examined by comparing the SD and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the raw and calibrated accelerometer output derived in the mechanical setup and in the field during free-living conditions, respectively.
Calibration reduced inter-instrument variability considerably in the mechanical setup, both in the MTI instruments (raw SDbetween units = 195 counts*min-1 vs. calibrated SDbetween units = 65 counts*min-1) and in the CSA instruments (raw SDbetween units = 343 counts*min-1 vs. calibrated SDbetween units = 67 counts*min-1).
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