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The P. berghei ANKA parasites were maintained by mechanical passage in mice.
Mechanical passage was performed by intraperitoneal injection of 2 4 × 10 infected erythrocytes.
During this period, mechanical passage of the parasites was repeated three to five times once the parasitemia in the infected mice had reached 5%10%%.
After mechanical passage of parasites of both clones for a period of 2 weeks (14 asexual multiplication cycles), no new insertions were detected by FIGE analysis of chromosomes and TAIL-PCR also identified only the same single insertion in each parasite clone as identified before mechanical passage (Additional file 1 Table S1).
After mechanical passage of parasites of the three P5.i.1-3 clones for a period of 2 weeks (14 asexual multiplication cycles), we detected by both TAIL-PCR and FIGE analysis 12 novel inserts within the parasite populations.
At each mechanical passage, 10 μl of blood was collected from each mouse in 1 ml of culture medium (RPMI1640 medium [pH 7.3], containing 10% fetal calf serum) to determine the percentage of parasites retaining PCEN constructs.
Similar(54)
For the majority of the engineered mutants, second-site mutations were observed following aphid transmission and/or mechanical passaging, and one restored transmission rates to that of the wild type.
The first was that of Joannides and co-workers [20] who modified an existing 'tissue chopping device' to create an instrument for the automated mechanical passaging of human ESCs.
In P. berghei the highest SNP numbers were found in two lines, SP11 RLL and K173cl1, which have been maintained in the laboratory for prolonged periods by mechanical blood passage between mice.
Since we observed a 7-10× increase insertsrts during 3 mechanical blood passages as a result of remobilisation, a comparable 50% coverage could be obtained by as few as ~50 transfections that are passaged for a period of 3 weeks in mice.
Single cell suspensions were obtained by mechanical disruption and passage through a 70-µm cell strainer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA).
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