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Mechanical microcracking resulted in the development of P-wave velocity anisotropy, while thermally microcracked samples showed little P-wave anisotropy.
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Diffusion of oxygen into the Ni voids takes place through these microcracks, resulting in the further formation of NiO nanowalls at the boundaries of the grains.
Fig. 4 Mechanical test results.
Mechanical Testing Results.
If no grain sliding takes place, and only the elastic anisotropy mechanism operates, the stresses required for microcrack nucleation and growth are unrealisticly high; the resulting microcracks are also too short.
The aging of Y-TZP can be induced by an oral environment, with exposure to humidity, mechanical loading, and low temperature, resulting in surface roughening, microcracks, and Y-TZP particle release into the body [5, 6].
From a mechanical point, microcracks can dissipate strain energy at the advancing tip of a crack to improve overall bone toughness.
However, faster thermal cycling resulted in the formation of microcracking and a significant reduction in modulus.
David et al. ([1999]) showed that mechanical and thermal microcracking in granites results in significant changes to permeability and elastic wave velocities.
As it can be seen in the image, the microbial attack has resulted in the formation of microcracks (arrow) along which the grains of pigment are partially emerging.
Cold weather curing resulted in the development of microcracks in the paste and adversely affected the interfacial zone.
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