Cartilage daily endures high-peak mechanical loading, including shear, compression, and tension (contact) stresses.
Although there is increasing evidence that apoptosis appears to play a central role in IVD tissue degeneration, most studies have demonstrated this process to be rather coherent with chronic and prolonged abnormal mechanical loading, including scoliotic deformities [ 9, 14].
The calculations employed a realistic 3D time-dependent FE model which takes into account all the mechanical and thermal loads including the nuclear heating due to neutron and prompt gamma fields during start-up and decay power of activated products during shutdown.
Mechanical load cases including cantilever bending, axial compression, inferior bending, and axial torsion have been applied for confirming the multi-directional structural stability and implant safety in biomechanical perspective.
Mechanical loading strategies including sustained prone positioning and repeated extension movements in a prone position (with or without lateral shift of the pelvis), which will be assessed to determine whether a directional preference is present.
The mechanical loads considered here included the chip formation force at the primary shear zone and the plowing force at the tool tip workpiece contact.
For this reason, these alloys are typically used to manufacture engineering components, or coatings for cheaper metallic substrates, which should work in extreme conditions including mechanical loads and an aggressive environment at high temperature.
Moreover, the development of OA can involve multiple mechanisms, including mechanical loading, fluctuations in hormonal levels, and modulation of nervous system pathways.
Complex dynamic loading combinations include in-plane mechanical loads, heating, and electrical actuations are considered.
The present analysis complements an earlier paper on the subject of thermal stresses in a one-sided composite repair [Thermal stresses in a one-sided bonded repair: An approximate geometrically nonlinear analysis, in press] by including the additional mechanical loads applied to the repaired plate.
