Suggestions(5)
Exact(8)
Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that the clinical and meat isolates were genetically related.
Like human TT V isolates (12 ), most 078/TT V meat isolates were nonsusceptible to clindamycin (56% resistant, 41% intermediate).
As much as 71% of animal BORSA isolates and 10% of meat isolates were assigned to CC398.
All meat isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin and resistant to levofloxacin and clindamycin (Table 2).
Although none of the bovine meat isolates were SBI typed, the PFGE data showed a strong island-associated distribution of bovine STEC O157 H7 genotypes, which was equivalent to the patterns observed in fecal isolates from cattle and humans.
Although bovine meat isolates were not SBI-typed, a close correlation between PFGE profile and SBI type was observed for the human samples (Technical Appendix Figure 1) and the bovine fecal samples (Technical Appendix Figure 2).
Similar(52)
In A. cryaerophilus isolates studied here, low genetic relatedness between pork, beef, and chicken meat isolates was noted, but general conclusions cannot be drawn here due to limited number of isolates.
Population differentiation among human and bovine meat isolates was assessed by using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) applied to haplotypes of isolates' PFGE profiles (generated in BioNumerics) using Arlequin software version 3.5.1.2 (http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3/).ch/software/arlequin3/
All 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of the utilized meat-associated isolates were deposited at Genbank (https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) under the accessions MG807444 MG807451.
The fourth isolate, nontoxigenic ribotype M26, had been isolated from dogs (6 ) but could not be toxinotyped because there was no detectable pathogenicity locus (M. Rupnik, pers. comm).. Overall, 3 (25%) of 12 meat C. difficile isolates were indistinguishable from Ontario human isolates.
Because antimicrobial resistance has been associated with ExPEC clonal groups and outbreaks of UTIs (6 – 9, 17, 22 ), we oversampled antimicrobial-resistant isolates from retail meat; 60% of sampled isolates were resistant to >1 antimicrobial drugs, and 40% were fully susceptible.
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