Therefore, finding human isolates closely related (>80 similarity) to broiler, broiler meat, and feed isolates suggests an epidemiologic link between the populations.
No animal or retail meat isolates harbored a plasmid-mediated mechanism.
Indeed, comparing with their origins (clinical and meat), clinical isolated strains produce 11 of the 13 sought toxins when meat isolated ones produced 10 of 13.
The two German meat isolates (AT12 and AT13) and the Romanian meat isolate (AT11) showed a ≥56-gene difference from the outbreak cases' isolates.
The epidermolysins were exclusively produced by meat isolated strains (P < 0.0001).
These new isolates from retail meat were added to the preexisting collection of retail meat isolates and compared with the same UTI isolates from humans.
Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that the clinical and meat isolates were genetically related.
Nalidixic acid resistance was not found in pig, pork, or turkey meat isolates (Table).
Of these, 11 were found among 14 human isolates, 10 among the 26 isolates from pigs and pork, 7 among the 19 chicken meat isolates, and 4 among the 9 turkey meat isolates.
Second, the UPGMA cluster analysis was applied on PFGE profiles of bovine meat isolates.
