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Consistently, a careful analysis of responses revealed difficulties with experimental design in five areas: 1) a property of an experimental subject that is variable, 2) manipulation of variables, 3) measurement of outcome, 4) accounting for and measuring variability, and 5) scope of inference of findings.
Data collected from undergraduate biology students, together with difficulties data from a review of the literature, confirmed five major areas of difficulty with experimental design: 1) a property of an experimental subject that is variable; 2) manipulation of variables; 3) measurement of outcome; 4) accounting for and measuring variability; and 5) scope of inference of findings.
The overall methodology for measuring variability is presented in Section 3.
As such, the techniques for measuring variability sometimes represent a bewildering morass of equations and terminology.
Considered the simplest means of measuring variability, time domain analysis involves performing a statistical analysis of data expressed as a sequence in time.
Several recent studies discovered strong connections between noise and gene regulation mechanisms through measuring variability in protein and mRNA levels [ 9, 10].
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Split-sample measurements were performed to measure variability introduced by DNA extraction.
Previous studies used statistical, frequency and geometric analyses to measure variability in very frequent, almost continuous temperature measurements [ 20, 31- 33].
The measurement scheme in the drifting buoys is capable to measure variability in sea surface temperature and small mesoscale surface eddies.
> -wrap-foot> Traditional microarray measurements, which ignore alternative splicing, are not able to fully measure variability of gene expression.
Even an anomaly in isotopic short-term measured variability can be explained when a detailed air-mass dynamic is considered.
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