To validate these findings in vivo, we next performed extracellular recordings in anesthetized animals that express ChR2 in SST-expressing cortical interneurons, olfactory bulb mitral cells, and cortical pyramidal neurons, and measured their firing activity in response to differing light pulse durations.
Using electrophysiological techniques, we identified 43 C- and 36 Aδ-meningeal nociceptors, and measured their spontaneous and evoked firing before and after BoNT-A administration to intracranial dura and extracranial suture-receptive fields.
Current measurements were performed in control solution and after measuring spontaneous firing rate (SFR) in each cell.
By measuring the firing rates in a particular slice, the researchers could estimate if the clock was running fast or slow.
The United States Navy tested guns by measuring them, firing them two or three times termed "proof by powder"—and using pressurized water to detect leaks.
Namely, measuring the firing rate in longer time windows will have smaller variance.
Two particular measures have drawn their fire.
Measuring post-fire effects at landscape scales is critical to an ecological understanding of wildfire effects.
Traces show the target firing rate (red), measured firing rate (black), and light power (blue).
The sizes of atoms, nuclei, and nucleons are measured by firing a beam of electrons at an appropriate target.
