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Measuring the variance of shared functions can also give an indication of code manageability.
In a previous paper a distinct proposal for measuring the variance of quadrature operators [Phys. Lett. A 238 (1998) 223], based on the projection synthesis method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4148], was presented.
We investigated parental manipulation by measuring the variance of maternal investment in female and male offspring.
The first, simply measuring the variance in gene-specific read counts across replicates, provides an unbiased estimate of variance.
FST is an index of population differentiation, measuring the variance between subpopulations relative to the total variance, and ranges from 0 (no divergence) to 1 (complete divergence).
The latter was obtained by first computing the mean fitness value for each genotype, and then by measuring the variance of these mean values for a heterogenic population.
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The average variance extracted (AVE) measures the variance captured by the indicators relative to measurement error, and it should be greater than 0.50 to justify using a construct (Barclay et al. 1995).
At the bottom of the list, of course, would be the Rams at -1.9 standard deviations from the average (taking the standard deviation won't change the order of the list; it simply measures the variance in the group).
In most applications of Kalman filtering, it is difficult to measure the variance of noises.
These three statistics are designed to measure the "variance" in language exposure in the classroom.
We applied variance decomposition to measure the variance contribution of the oil price to the stock market of Pakistan.
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