''We have used the statistical approach they developed for individual intelligence to systematically measure the intelligence of groups.'' Put differently, the researchers wanted to know if there is a collective I. Q. that emerges within a team that is distinct from the smarts of any single member.
One such test, the Johns Hopkins Perceptual Test, developed by Leon Rosenberg in the early 1960s to measure the intelligence of preschool children, has a child try to match random forms (ordinary geometric forms, such as circles, squares, and triangles, are avoided because some children may be more familiar with the forms than are others).
The meaning of the terms "universal" and "anytime" is manifold here: the test should be able to measure the intelligence of any biological or artificial system that exists at this time or in the future.
Exhibit C: Vanderbilt researchers Bruce Barry and Ray Friedman measured the intelligence of nearly a hundred negotiators using quantitative, verbal, and analytical reasoning problems.
In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a test to measure the intelligence of machines, one that's still in use today.
The same authors measured the intelligence of malnourished children using Malin's Indian adaptation of the Wechsler's intelligence scale for children.
During the second day of evaluation, SY, an experienced psychologist independently measured the intelligence and adaptive behavior using the BKT and the VABS respectively.
Though "Intelligence in War" carries the subtitle "Knowledge of the Enemy From Napoleon to Al-Qaeda," Keegan has written not a history, but several case histories, measuring the contribution that intelligence made to victory.
First they measured the fluid intelligence of four groups of volunteers using standard tests.
Terman believed his test measured the "general intelligence" construct advocated by Charles Spearman (1904).
