The CD, derived based on the multivariate T2 statistic, is used to measure the causal dependency of two variables.
The treatment effect of interest in this paper measures the causal effect of an individual's decision to earn a baccalaureate degree within the Rubin Causal Model (RCM) framework (Holland 1986).
Most TAM analyses were carried out using SEM to measure the causal relationships between constructs (Arpaci, 2016; Moqbel, 2012; Oum & Han, 2011; Pinho & Soares, 2011; Rauniar et al., 2014).
To measure the causal impact of the reviews on the choice of their field of study, we compare students with similar high-school numerical grades but different reviews in a regression discontinuity framework.
To assess the extent to which the local political system might shape the effects of fragmentation, this study measures the causal effect of a change in the nomination scheme of the city manager on the council size effect.
Exploiting the staggered implementation of food-waste collection across Swedish municipalities, we use a difference-in-difference design to measure the causal effect of introducing such collection on another pro-environmental behavior, namely the sorting of packaging waste.
We use a quasi-experimental spatial econometric approach, the spatial difference-in-differences model, to measure the causal relationship between urban rail investments and gentrification, which allows us to capture the average direct and indirect (spatial spillover) effects of urban rail on several socioeconomic measures of gentrification.
The cluster level average may be subject to the ecological fallacy, and we do not claim to measure the causal effect of measles vaccination on vaccinated children.
Purpose/Objective: The study reports a randomized controlled trial implemented by Government of Mali, UNICEF and researchers funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to measure the causal effect of community based sanitation interventions.
