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It is a 14-item scale measuring physical self-maintenance (e.g., dressing, bathing) and instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., preparing meals, taking medications).
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We used a time-dependent mechanism to assess the impact of changes in cognition measured by the MMSE, basic activities of daily living measured by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS) [ 21], time-dependent changes in the Persistency Index (PI) or exposure to antipsychotic and antidementia drugs, and the development of psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) on time to death.
Level of functioning in personal Activities of Daily Living (P-ADL), the dependent variable, was measured by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (six items, score range 6 30, i.e. P-ADL scale score) [ 54].
Thus, our aim was to study the association between degree of dementia, both at baseline and over more than four years, and the development in P-ADL functioning measured by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (P-ADL score), adjusting for a number of other variables know to have an influence on P-ADL functioning in nursing home residents with dementia.
The level of performance of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was measured by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (P-ADL, 6 items, score range 6 30) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (I-ADL, 8 items, score range 8 31) [ 35].
Level of functioning (Activities of Daily Living - ADL) was measured at T1 by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS, score range 6 30) and the instrumental activities of daily living scale (I-ADL, score range 8 31) [ 63].
P-ADL was measured using the Lawton and Brody's Physical Self-Maintenance Scale.
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS).
Functional independence was measured on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale (range 0 32) [ 22] and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS) (range 0 24) [ 22] commonly used as outcome measures in AD [ 23].
The Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS) [ 35] will be used to measure activities of daily living.
Baseline information included the following health measures: the Charlson Index, the Mini-Mental-State Examination, Lawton and Brody's scales for physical self-maintenance and the instrumental activities of daily living, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, self-reported health (one item), and perceived social functioning (one item) and assistance in living at discharge.
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