We developed a survival assay to measure how short term (5 min) thermal incubation affects subsequent ability for a φ6 population to attach to and/or replicate within P. phaseolicola host bacteria.
Mr. Mulgrew and his comrades had fought for more than a year to block release of the ratings, known as teacher data reports, which try to calculate how much value individual teachers add by predicting their students' test scores and then measuring how much they exceed or fall short of those expectations.
The betweenness centrality of a node in a network topology measures how many shortest paths go through that node.
Our problem is to build a virtual hole between an anchor pair given the path deviation (i.e., the difference between the hop counts of the anchor pair's direct and compound shortest paths) in order to measure how much the shortest path from a normal node to an anchor is detoured.
With the approximate shortest path, the proposed algorithm enables each normal node to measure how much the shortest path to an anchor is detoured from the direct path and to estimate the distance more accurately.
Betweenness measures how frequently the shortest path connecting every pair of proteins is going through a given protein [ 26].
Throughout, the shorts measured how much they actually moved.
BC is the fraction of the number of shortest paths that pass through each node, which measures how often nodes occur on the shortest paths between other nodes.
In short, the indicator measures how indebted a given country is; how reliant it is on foreign funding; and how much scope it has to fight the markets if things go wrong.She first constructs her index for 2007.
To find pathways that may have a gatekeeper role in the network, we can look at the betweenness centrality, which measures how often a pathway occurs on shortest paths between the other pathway nodes in the network.
