Sentence examples for measuring gene flow from inspiring English sources

Experiments measuring gene flow in cotton were carried out in two locations in the province of Seville, in southern Spain's region of Andalusia, first in Peñaflor in 2007 and then in Lebrija in 2009 and again in 2010.

Increasing the marker resolution would certainly help differentiate individuals (important for tracking migration routes) but not necessarily populations and are unlikely to aid in measuring gene flow within a particular system of populations.

In contrast to measurements of the deposition of pollen or pollen analogues on stigmas, our approach allowed us to directly measure gene flow by pollen.

We follow Telschow et al. [42] and use a definition of the effective migration rate that was introduced to measure gene flow on weakly selected loci.

Connectivity among sub-populations needs to be determined using techniques such as tagging and otolith microchemistry for adult fish, or population genetics to measure gene flow between populations for larval fish or zooplankton.

Unfortunately, we did not obtain very precise estimations for the other demographic parameters, notably Nm inter which measures gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar.

BAYESASS uses a Bayesian method with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to measure gene flow by identifying population-specific inbreeding coefficients and genotypic disequilibrium.

The utility of these genetic markers to measure gene flow between plants was examined by mixing pollen from plants homozygous for both genes with self-pollen in different ratios and hand-pollinating emasculated flowers of plants growing in a natural population.

We measure gene flow and migration within and between population clusters and compare genetic diversity between population clusters.

The above-mentioned biological peculiarities result in complex phylogeographic patterns (e.g. [ 5, 6]), which do not often meet the assumptions (e.g. uniform effective population sizes or symmetric effective migration rates) of classic statistics that measure gene flow (F ST ) [ 7- 9], and thus make the study of population genetic variation of marine pelagic fishes particularly challenging.

Measures of gene flow frequencies are lower than 1% between cultivated rice and below 3% between cultivated and wild rice (Chen et al. 2004).