Nevertheless, in order to reduce error variance an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was calculated for each of the dependent variables measuring differences between the conditions in time.
Total score differences between the two conditions on the outcome measures were not statistically significant at baseline, nevertheless in order to minimize error variance an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was calculated for each of the dependent variables measuring differences between the conditions in time using adjusted mean scores and standard deviations.
Demographic and total score differences between the two groups at Time 1 were not significant for baseline and outcome measures, nevertheless in order to minimize error variance a two-tailed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was administered for each of the dependent variables measuring differences between the conditions in time using adjusted mean scores and standard deviations (see Table 3).
σPooled, which averages the variances of datasets, also has the risk of measuring the variability between conditions, but in a lesser degree because the heterogeneity of a dataset is expected to be smaller than that of whole GEO database.
After this normalization, the intensity values can be used by a variety of algorithms for detecting differences in expression between the measured biological conditions.
Since phenotypes were not measured at consistent ages and conditions between populations, trait distributions differed between populations and the estimated SNP effects could not be integrated directly.
For each individual and each area of interest, we measured the differences between AR conditions (between AR = 1.0 and AR = 2.0 in Experiment 1 and between AR = 1.0 and, respectively, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 in Experiment 2).
These differences among generations could be due to differences in the environmental conditions between measures.
To obtain measures in clinically comparable conditions, between each radiation exposure the individual implants were placed in a transportable incubator at 37°C, and speech processors transmitting power and random stimulation patterns were connected to the implants to mimic the function of an implant worn and used by a patient engaged in radiotherapy.
The change in a gene's expression level between ER+ and ER− tumors in each individual study was expressed as an effect size, which is a unit-free standardized mean difference between conditions measuring the magnitude of a covariate effect corrected for sample size bias.
