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Perhaps the most widely used is skin conductance, a technique that is questionable as a means of identifying whether a single person is telling the truth but universally accepted as a means of measuring activation of the sympathetic nervous system -- the part of human architecture that prepares the body for giving a hug, throwing a punch, wrinkling up a nose, or running away.
The functional capacities of PB- and SF-derived mDCs were assessed by measuring activation of autologous CD4 T cells derived from PB and SF.
Next, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of each compound by measuring activation of CASP3 (caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase), an executioner caspase that mediates apoptosis.
For instance, in vitro experiments measured a gradient of FGF-2 and correlated its levels with Pcan and pERK, a signal measuring activation of the Ras intracellular signaling pathway downstream of FGFR activation (Wu et al. 2014).
A subset of these candidate TFBS was validated by measuring activation of corresponding transcription factors (HNF-1, NK-κB, CREB, C/EBP-α and C/EBP-β, GATA-1, AP-2, PAX-6) in nuclear extracts from the remnant livers.
An inappropriate null model for a mixture can greatly underestimate the additive (noninteractive) effects of mixtures, as was demonstrated dramatically in an experiment measuring activation of the estrogen receptor by a mixture of environmental estrogenic agents (Silva et al. 2002).
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Prothrombin time specifically measures activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway activated by tissue factor.
To determine whether IRS-1 and -2 couple IGF-IR to distinct downstream pathways, we used phosphorylation-specific antibodies to measure activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, two of the predominant signalling pathways activated by IGF-IR.
We measured activation of DLPFC during a WM task in a longitudinal fMRI study in ten schizophrenia patients first when they received conventional antipsychotics (T1) and a second time after they had been switched to olanzapine (T2).
To investigate this, we utilized the Topflash luciferase reporter assay which measures activation of canonical Wnt signaling and its subsequent inhibition by the non-canonical signaling pathway [27], [28].
We measured activation of reporter genes for the Cpx, Bae, and Rcs envelope stress responses (cpxP-lacZ activated by CpxR, spy-lacZ activated by BaeR and CpxR, rprA-lacZ activated by RcsB, Fig. 3).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com