Generic measures are composed of items evaluating symptoms not specific to headache, and so they may be used for comparisons across different disorders.
The family of objective measures is composed of the overall perceptual score (OPS), the target-related perceptual score (TPS), the interference-related perceptual score (IPS), and the artifacts-related perceptual score (APS).
However, approaches based on high temporal resolution data usually lack the spatial resolution that is necessary to monitor heterogeneous and fragmented ecosystems, where reflectance measures are composed of spectral properties from several land cover types [35, 36] and aboveground carbon might change at finer spatial scales than captured in spatial coarse resolution data [12].
Reform measures are composed of interventions that focus on the organisation of the system, health financing, and the structure of payments to health care providers and institutions.
This latter measure is composed of three timed tests: 4-meter walking speed, balance, and chair stand tests[ 5].
While this measure is composed of specific factors, it may be indicative of other environmental factors, such as water, air, ground, or industrial pollutants.
The BCIS, which is a 15-item self-report measure, is composed of two subscales: self-reflectiveness (SR) and self-certainty (SC) [ 24, 25].
The health outcome and potential confounders were measured at the individual level, and the exposure measure is composed of an individual assessment (the participant's address in each year) and an ecologic component (district-level water quality measurements) assigned to the addresses.
The English language measure is composed of two subscales, an 11-item scale assessing positive changes (e.g. "I value my relationships much more now"), and a 15-item scale assessing negative changes (e.g., "I do not look forward to the future anymore").
This self-reported measure is composed of eight separate scales assessing physical functioning (10 items), role limitations due to physical health (4 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items), energy/fatigue (4 items), emotional well-being (5 items), social functioning (2 items), pain (2 items) and general health (5 items).
