Ejection fraction % (EF) was measured using left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricle end systolic volume (LVESV) using the formula EF = LVEDV−LVESV/LVEDV×100.
Since pain and disability are the most common outcome measures, the choice was either to exclude studies in which other measures were used leaving the problem of combined measures, or to classify outcome as better or poorer.
As discussed in Methods below, classifier performance is measured using leave-one-out cross-validation.
To enhance the comparability to other studies we used some of the same sick leave measures used in a Swedish study [ 13].
ICCs for ADC measures (using the same ROIs as the FA measures) were: left ACC, 0.945; right ACC, 0.957; left SFG, 0.978; right SFG, 0.987; left MFG, 0.931; right MFG, 0.893; left corpus callosum, 0.751; right corpus callosum, 0.799.
The classification performance was measured using nested leave-one-out cross-validation, where feature selection and hyperparameter selection were performed in the inner cross-validation loop independently of the test sample of the outer cross-validation loop (Additional file 3).
The paper includes the mathematical formalization describing how to obtain the main quality measures of a recommender system using leave-one-out cross validation.
To access the degree of freezing tolerance, chlorophyll contents were measured using the rosette leaves.
Organisational impact was measured using levels of sick leave, % staff turnover, use of agency nurses and staff recruitment.
Leaf chlorophyll (chl) content was measured using three fully expanded leaves in each replicate with a non-destructive dual-wavelength chl meter (SPAD-502, Minolta Corp., Ramsey, NJ, USA).
