Affirming that the assessment of urban form at the community level is undertaken only sporadically, we adapt the measures used by Knaap et al. (2007) in studying US urban form to explore their applicability and robustness in analysing the evolution of urban form in a European setting.
National wellbeing measures used by the ONS, such as life satisfaction are used to gage how well a country's society is progressing.
This paper has spent much of the last couple of years reporting on the increasingly elaborate measures used by businesses to minimise their tax exposure.
Meanwhile, the chancellor said a crackdown on a raft of measures used by high earners to disguise their earnings as other income had generated £100m more than expected.
The standard measures used by analysts to value stocks, such as the price-earnings ratio (p/e), tend to be ignored by the market.
Far too often, though, measures used by company boards to evaluate performance are focused on short-term results.
Among the nation's cities, it has the third-highest level of inequality, behind Atlanta and New Orleans, according to three different measures used by the census.
And the measures used by the Sri Lankan army to wipe out the Tigers are not methods that could be used by any western government that respects human rights and the rule of law.
Investors fear that if the settlement with the justice department is as large as first suggested, it put the measures used by regulators to gauge its financial health under pressure.
The former executive, J. Clifford Baxter, had complained last spring to Enron's management team, including Jeffrey K. Skilling, then the chief executive, about questionable accounting measures used by the company, friends and former colleagues said.
Other one-time measures used by Mr. Berlusconi include an amnesty that allowed people to pay a fee to repatriate profits from money invested abroad on which taxes had not been paid.
