Specific permeability was measured under constant pressure gradient and compared with predictions.
To reduce bias and separate seasonality from anthropogenic stress responses the physiological parameters were measured under constant laboratory conditions and a hierarchical sampling design was employed.
A Fouling Index known as the Crossflow Sampler Modified Fouling Index Ultrafiltration (CFS-MFIUF) measured under constant flux is developed in this paper.
The axial and radial temperature distribution inside the packed bed and the pressure drop between inlet and outlet were measured under constant wall temperature condition (i.e. 60 °C).
A polybenzimidazole-based HTPEM single cell was set up and the OCV was measured under constant heating power supplied by an external source.
However, in one-dimensional engine models used for engine design, the exhaust port is reduced to its discharge coefficient, which is commonly measured under constant inflow conditions neglecting engine-like flow pulsation.
Electrodes (Ag/AgCl) were placed in both chambers and connected to the headstage of a patch clamp amplifier (Axopatch 700B, Molecular Devices Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) which allowed the ionic current to be measured under constant voltage in Fig. 1a.
Alternatively, circadian period can be measured under constant dim light for several weeks [18].
However, if ipRGC sensitivity is extrinsically regulated by central mechanisms, the in vivo functional ipRGC response measured under constant exogenous circadian cues and environmental illuminations may explicate any extrinsic circadian dependent variation in ipRGC sensitivity.
Rolling velocities of CHO cells and neutrophils expressing human, bovine, pig, rat or equine PSGL-1 were measured under constant shear stress (Fig. 6).
