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When the problem is that of the study of the statistical association between allele states at different loci, this usually is referred to as gametic or 'linkage disequilibrium' (LD), with pairwise correlation measures typically employed for characterizing such association.
An integrative and quantitative approach involving oceanography, life history and population genetics moves significantly beyond qualitative measures typically employed to assess the impact of life history on genetic structuring, such as PLD, which has often displayed incongruent associations (Cowen and Sponaugle 2009; Selkoe and Toonen 2011).
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Targeted quantitative MS-based measurements typically employ selected reaction monitoring (SRM), using triple quadrupole mass spectrometers.
Recent research of codon usage bias has typically employed measures such as the codon adaptation index (CAI) [ 25] or the effective number of codons (ENC) [ 26].
The study design uses the simulated client methodology to test the validity of standard data collection instruments typically employed to measure family planning service quality and infrastructure at service delivery points.
Strain gauge sensors are typically employed to measure bone strain due to their small size, robustness, and good sensitivity of strain gauges[5].
Our results clearly demonstrated that both draw and feed fluxes were not well predicted with the solute permeability (B) measured by RO mode experiment, typically employed in FO membrane characterization.
Previous prospective studies have typically employed simple, binary measures of recidivism that fail to characterise the amount of time that individuals spend in the community before reoffending or returning to custody.
MI is typically employed when a measure of several items (e.g., single tasks in a test or agree-disagree statements) is used to represent a latent construct.
Transepithelial flux is widely used as a measure of transit across an epithelium, however it is most typically employed as a relative as opposed to absolute measure of molecular movement.
There is a potential disconnect between adult literacy initiatives on the one hand and the indicators typically employed to operationalize their targets and measure their progress on the other.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com