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Gross domestic product as a statistic is sound, they say; what is wrong is the fascination in government with what it measures — the sum total of a nation's annual production.
Typically, a heat flow calorimeter is operated isothermally and measures the sum heat released or consumed by a sample material inside of a calorimetric measuring cell.
This definition is based on the minimisation of a geometrically motivated objective function which measures the sum of distances of a variable matrix to the given data matrices.
The Chi-square, χ 2, statistic test described by Eq. 12 measures the sum of the squares of the difference between the experimental adsorption capacity (q e ) and q m predicted using models, each divided by the corresponding q m.
In this work, we use the variable importance metric employed in the RPART regression method.5 The metric measures the sum of the weighted reduction in the impurity method (e.g., the Shannon entropy and the variance of response variable) attributed to each variable [34, 35].6 It associates scores with each variable, which can be used to rank the variables based on their contribution to the model.
As studies often examined several outcome measures, the sum of outcome comparisons differs from the number of studies included.
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These electrons are then electrostatically accelerated and focused onto a small scintillator that measures the summed electron energy, which is proportional to the number of electrons.
LCA in contrast measures the summed, i.e. directional, effects of all loci contributing to a trait.
Because not all possible PM2.5 components were measured, the sum of measured PM2.5 component concentrations was generally but not universally less than the total PM2.5 mass.
We refer to and measure the sum of ammonia and ammonium as NHx.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was estimated by measuring the sum of exchangeable cations from the ammonium acetate extracted sample.
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