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The coefficient on the immigrant dummy M virtually measures the (expected) earnings gap between immigrants and natives upon arrival.
It measures the expected reduction in uncertainty about x that results from learning y, or vice versa.
D s sums up two terms: the first one measures the expected single-hop transmission delay from s to its forwarders and the second one, the expected delay of the path from the actually chosen forwarder to the sink node.
Unlike existing studies, which mainly evaluate the model through accuracy-based metrics, this study measures the expected profitability based on the annualized rate of return (ARR) and proposes a new metric (ARR curve) reflecting the ARR over different rejection rates.
The mean value of the 10 point estimates in each phase is zero, by design; each point estimate measures the expected outcome for the sample mailed a Ticket in the corresponding month relative to the overall mean outcome for all those in the phase sample after accounting for pre-rollout characteristics and the fact that not all Tickets were mailed on schedule.
Given an agent's preferences (represented as utility functions) and beliefs (represented as subjective probability measures), the expected utility of an action, or option, is the sum of the utilities of the outcomes of the action weighted by the probability that they will occur (according to the agent's beliefs).
Similar(39)
The first step is to measure the expected gain from crime which fines need to offset.
Glasgow's enormous investment in culture in the Eighties and Nineties was driven by a consultant's report which measured the expected benefits in the service industries.
Conjoint analysis is applied to measure the expected and achieved utilities of a Kansei mapping relationship.
E-158 plans to measure the expected Standard Model asymmetry of ∼10−7 to an accuracy of better than 10−8.
One guess why this is the case is his choice of how to measure the expected exchange rate change.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com