Relative oscillation theory rather than measuring the spectrum of one single problem measures the difference between the spectra of two different problems.
Alpha measures the difference between a fund's actual return and its expected return, or beta, over three years.
The current account measures the difference between income from foreign sources and foreign obligations payable, excluding net capital investment.
The output gap measures the difference between an economy's actual and potential GDP.
The current that measures the difference between left- and right-handed particles is called the axial current and is not conserved at the quantum level.
Net migration measures the difference between the number of people leaving the country and the number of people entering.
Rather than aligning itself with either "how things were" or "how things could have been", the novel measures the difference between the two, and by so doing attempts to reflect a kind of experiential (rather than historical or journalistic) truth.
But by the third measure, the effective spread, which simply measures the difference between prices of actual customer buys and sells, the spread fell after competition came in and has remained around the lower level ever since.
Long-term, the trade balance, which measures the difference between the value of imports and exports, will swell in the next several months as demand for oil returns to higher levels and as exports remain steady.
The Libor-Overnight Indexed Swaps spread, another bellwether, measures the difference between the Libor and the rate that banks pay to borrow money in the swaps market.
From these experiments, we have now found that our system is not a true double-beam system, since it measures the difference between the energies of the two beams, and not their ratio.
